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The Hong Kong independence movement () is a movement that advocates Hong Kong becoming an independent sovereign state.〔安平，("港独"暗流涌动网际 与各路分裂势力关系密切 )，中国新闻网，中新社香港，2005-02-06 〕 Following the handover of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China, many Hongkongers have expressed concern over the governance by the Communist Party of China over issues surrounding justice, freedom, democratic development, as well as well-developed economic environment after being a special administrative region. Some of them want the current SAR to become a sovereign city-state like Singapore, also a former crown colony of the British Empire. According to HKPOP's 2007 poll, 25% of Hong Kongers preferred an independent Hong Kong rather than an SAR ruled by PRC, an increase from 22% in 2005, while 64.7% of interviewees thought it should not be independent. 33% of interviewees said they would prefer independence if the Communist Party still rules PRC in 2047, when the Sino-British Joint Declaration expires, but stated that they would prefer to remain part of the country if and only if the Communist Party reforms into a full democracy with universal suffrage.〔()《香港大學民意網站》「香港、台灣、澳門、沖繩民眾文化與國家認同國際比較調查」2007〕 This movement should not be confused with the Hong Kong Autonomy Movement, which rather than advocate independence from the PRC, demands that the PRC allow and implement the Hong Kong people a high degree of autonomy, as was promised at the Handover of 1997. == Background == The territories of Hong Kong were not entirely ceded to Britain at one time. The cessions were divided into three periods. In 1842, Hong Kong Island was formally ceded in perpetuity to the United Kingdom under the Treaty of Nanking. In 1860, after China's defeat in the Second Opium War, the Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutter's Island were ceded in perpetuity to Britain under the Convention of Peking. In 1898, under the terms of the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, Britain obtained a 99-year lease of Lantau Island and the adjacent northern lands, which became known as the New Territories.〔 〕 The ethnic majority of Hong Kong is Cantonese, including natives and immigrants from mainland China.〔(中国大陆迁入香港的人口研究 ) 李若建 香港中文大學 中國研究大學服務中心 2008/08/30〕 Most of them escaped to Hong Kong due to the unrest in mainland China, such as the Civil War, and the ruling of Cultural Revolution. A sense of Chinese ethnicity and Hong Kong citizenship is stronger than Chinese citizenship.〔(香港人的身份認同 ) 香港觀察 譚衛兒 第一段:''若別人問我們是不是中國人,我們不會否認。''〕〔http://hkupop.hku.hk/english/release/release937.html〕 In 16 December 1946, the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization assented colonies, such as Singapore, Hong Kong and Macau, to being independent. However, both Hong Kong and Macau were later removed from the list by request of the People's Republic of China,. The PRC preferred to negotiate directly with the two colonial powers, the United Kingdom and Portugal, in order to avoid self-determination by the citizens in the two colonies. In 1960, UN Resolution 1514 was approved, which advocated that all colonies should be formally independent if they desire. In 1972, the permanent UN seat of the Republic of China was replaced by the People's Republic of China. After the replacement, PRC proposed bilateral negotiation between China and Britain to resolve the Hong Kong sovereignty issue. Although China opposed Britain's attempts to push through last-minute democratic reform in Hong Kong on technical grounds, it did not oppose representative democracy in Hong Kong in principle; it only objected to "the introduction of any independence movement". When the negotiation had started, the mainland officials demanded that only the colonial powers were to negotiate the terms of the Sino-British Joint Declaration and the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration directly with China, isolating public consultation from the political processes up to the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong and the transfer of sovereignty over Macau. Since the transfer of sovereignty in 1997, Hong Kong's press freedom has slowly deteriorated. The advocacy of Hong Kong or Taiwan independence has become illegal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hong Kong independence movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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